Let's walk through a basic fracking operation for natural gas in, say, the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania:ġ) First, a "wellbore," or hole, needs to be drilled all the way down to the layer of gas-rich shale. Using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling to extract oil or gas from shale rock involves a number of steps. Opponents often argue that the industry is poorly regulated, the global warming benefits are overhyped, and that fracking has led to increased air and water pollution around the country. Domestic production of oil and natural gas has risen sharply, leading to cheaper energy and a reduced reliance on imports.Īdvocates often argue that fracking is creating jobs, boosting manufacturing, and helping to tackle global warming by reducing the amount of coal we use. The "fracking boom" has reshaped the American energy landscape. There's a lot of oil and gas in shale, so this breakthrough led to a drilling boom in states like North Dakota, Texas, and Pennsylvania.
In the mid-2000s, US companies figured out how to combine fracking with methods like horizontal drilling to extract oil and gas from vast underground shale rock formations at a reasonable price. In recent years, however, fracking has become much more widespread. Halliburton first used hydraulic fracturing back in 1949 as a way of increasing the flow of gas from wells in Kansas. Technically, fracking isn't new: Companies have been using this technique for decades to extract oil and gas from hard-to-exploit rock formations.
"Fracking" is short for "hydraulic fracturing" - it's a process by which water, sand, and chemicals are injected underground at very high pressures to crack open rock layers and release the oil or gas trapped inside. While coalition.What is fracking - and why is it so controversial?
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